MPV Blood Test Overview

What is the MPV Blood Test?

The MPV (Mean Platelet Volume) test measures the average size of the platelets in a blood sample.

Blood clotting, which prevents blood loss after an injury, is caused by platelets, which are vital blood cells.
The assessment of the size of platelets, known as the mean platelet volume (MPV), is determined by haematological analyzers based on the volume distribution during regular blood morphology tests.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC), a thorough test for the full examination of blood, includes an MPV blood test as part of its routine procedures.
The MPV test is crucial because it may determine whether or not platelets are forming and degrading because when the body produces a lot of them, their average size is higher.
The MPV test is not used to diagnose specific disorders; rather, it is used as part of a routine physical examination.
The test examines the total number of platelets present in the blood sample and is closely connected to the platelet count test.
Even though the findings of MPV tests may not be very significant on their own, the results of MPV testing should only be interpreted in the context of other CBC tests.
MPV typically varies from 7.5 to 12 fl (femtolitres), but the proportion of big platelets typically ranges from 0.2 to 5.0 percent of the total platelet population.

As part of the CBC, which is often done for blood analysis, MPV values are computed.
By dividing the total mass of the platelets (plateletcrit) by the total number of platelets in a blood sample, MPV values are determined.
With the preservation of homeostasis and steady platelet mass, the MPV value is negatively correlated with platelet count under healthy settings.

The MPV in people remains between 7.5 and 12 fl, which is considered normal or ordinary.
Values that are abnormally high or low might indicate the presence of a variety of illnesses or ailments in the body of the specific person.
Further research may be necessary if the results have greater or lower MPV levels.
Although abnormal findings aren’t often seen as warning signs of serious health problems, it’s nonetheless vital to rule them out in some situations since they can be crucial.
A decrease in their mean volume is followed by an increase in platelet production because of the inverse connection between MPV and the overall platelet count.
The normal relationship between MPV and platelet count is disrupted in a number of diseased disorders, which aids in the identification of certain of these pathological illnesses.
A low or high MPV value may still be totally acceptable, depending on the lifestyle of the individual. Therefore, an interpretation shouldn’t be made until all CBC tests have been run.

When an MPV value exceeds 12 fl, it is regarded as greater than average.
This suggests that the platelet size is greater than typical on average.
The outcome of the MPV test, however, cannot be understood on its own. The entire platelet count must be included with it.
When the MPV number is high and the total platelet count is low, it means the bone marrow is making platelets quickly.
Older platelets are smaller and circulate through the circulation, whereas new and young platelets are often bigger and have just been released from the bone marrow.
Thus, a higher MPV number might mean that older platelets are being destroyed, and that new platelets are being created in the bone marrow as a result.
Platelet activation and the elevated MPV value are correlated. Platelet activation may potentially be a contributing factor in certain cancers.
A higher MPV number may also be a sign of other conditions such as high blood pressure, hypothyroidism, stroke, or heart disease.

A low MPV value is one that is less than 7.5 fl in volume. This shows that the platelets’ average size is less than expected.
A low MPV number can be an indication that the bone marrow is not creating enough platelets because older platelets have a tendency to be smaller.
The low value of the MPV, however, is meaningless on its own. Thus, the entire platelet count must always be present.
Because chemotherapy patients get injections of cytotoxic drugs that reduce the number of platelets, low MPV values may occur in these individuals.
In addition, other conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease and aplastic anemia, may also play a role in this.

Aleksandra Korniluk, Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz, Joanna Kamińska, Halina Kemona, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska, “Mean Platelet Volume (MPV): New Perspectives for an Old Marker in the Course and Prognosis of Inflammatory Conditions”, Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9213074
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