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Cell Biology

Abdominal Cavity

Abdominal Cavity: Definition, Function, and Diagram

Definition of the Abdominal Cavity The abdominal cavity is a cavity in animals’ torsos that lies between the thoracic and pelvic region divided by the diaphragm. The peritoneum is a protective covering that borders the abdominal cavity and functions in immunity, supporting organs, and fat storage. As illustrated in the figure below, the abdominal cavity …

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Adenosine Triphosphate Structure 1

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Definition, Structure, and Function

Definition of Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is a chemical that transports energy throughout cells. It is the cell’s primary energy currency, and it is produced as a by-product of photophosphorylation (adding a phosphate group to a molecule using light energy), cellular respiration, and fermentation. ATP is used by all living things. It is …

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Ectoderm

Ectoderm: Definition, Structure, and Function

Definition of Ectoderm The word ecto means “outside,” and derma means “skin”. It is the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo during early development. The other two layers are the mesoderm (middle) and endoderm (innermost). It surrounds the embryo and can develop into a variety of internal as well as external structures. …

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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Definition and Diagram

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together to provide energy for sustainability of life on Earth. Except for creatures that depend on sulfur near hydrothermal vents, the bulk of life on Earth relies on glucose. The process of photosynthesis is what is used by the cellular organisms to produce glucose. The breakdown of glucose and storage …

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Simple Diffusion

Simple Diffusion- Definition, Principle, Examples, Applications

Simple Diffusion  As the name implies, a solute simply diffuses when the electrochemical potentials on the opposing sides of a permeable barrier are dissimilar. This is a type of passive transport. Diffusion in biology refers to the selective permeation of a biological membrane, as opposed to the “spreading out” of molecules from a greater concentration …

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Bilirubin

Bilirubin: Definition, Metabolism, and Function

Definition of Bilirubin Bilirubin is a chemical that is generated when red blood cells and other porphyrin-containing cells are broken down. Red blood cells include special molecules known as hemes (a form of porphyrin) that contain an iron atom. This configuration permits the red blood cell to transport oxygen. When blood cells degrade, heme is …

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Telophase In Mitosis And Meiosis (Telophase I, II)

Telophase In Mitosis And Meiosis (Telophase I, II)

Telophase In Mitosis And Meiosis (Telophase I, II) Overview What is Telophase? The telophase is both, the last phase of meiosis and the fifth phase of mitosis. Meiosis comprises two stages: telophase I and telophase II. Separation of the duplicate genetic material, which was contained in the nucleus of the parent cells. They eventually divide …

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Monocot Vs. Dicot Roots

Monocot Vs. Dicot Roots- Definition, Structure, 18 Differences, Examples

Monocot Vs. Dicot Roots Overview Definition of Monocot Root Monocot roots are fibrous or adventitious roots that develop from the stem and are made up of a large network of thin roots and root fibers. Depending on the type and age of the plant, monocot roots can vary greatly. However, most monocot plants are herbaceous …

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Prokaryotic Translation (Protein Synthesis)

Prokaryotic Translation (Protein Synthesis)

Prokaryotic Translation (Protein Synthesis) Overview Translation involves translating the pattern of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. Following the transcription of DNA into RNA, ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER are responsible for protein synthesis. The Ribosomes Normally, ribosomes exist as distinct subunits made up of rRNA …

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Phenotype Vs Genotype

Phenotype Vs Genotype- Definition, 10 Differences, Examples

Phenotype Vs. Genotype Overview Phenotype Definition The word “phenotype” describes all the features that may be seen in an organism due to the interaction between its genotype and its environment. The word “pheno” means to “observe,” hence it is used to describe an organism’s observable traits, such as its height and color. An organism’s phenotype …

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